Video on How To Measure the Volume of a Liquid Using A Graduated Cylinder

Volume of Liquid

The Meaning of Volume of Liquid 

Volume of liquid refers to the capacity of liquids in the containers. Capacity can be measured by using non standard units (more or less) and in standard units in millimeters (ml) and litters (l) in the metric system. Investigations amount of liquids which can be poured between containers of different shapes and sizes. Exploration of capacity or volume of liquid involves manipulation of containers of various sizes that may either be collected or purchased for classroom activities. A cheap way to do the activities is to have your students collect some containers such as mineral water bottles, soft drink cans, vases etc which can be found around them.
Teacher can display those collections of containers in a learning centre for students to explore capacity measurement. Every learning centre should have at least a standard graduated measuring cylinder in liters and millimeters. This is to enable the students to measure volume of liquids especially in standard units. 

Misconception On Capacity

Just like in other subjects, students face  some  misconceptions in mathematics. These misconceptions are derived from their prior knowledge and experiences with numbers in their everyday lives. These misconceptions hinder the learning process, because they are tightly held by students. Their teachers need to provide tangible experiences to break these misconceptions.

Eliminating  mathematic misconceptions is difficult and merely repeating a lesson or extra practice will not help. Telling students were they are mistaken will not work either. Recognizing student misconceptions and immediately focusing a discussion on the misconception is important. Providing guiding questions using inductive reasoning is the best approach.

Misconception 1: Mathematical language – confusion between liquid volume and capacity.

The volume of an object is the amount of 3-D space that it occupies. Liquid volume and solid volume are measured in different units, although the concepts are the same. Liquid volume is measured in millilitres and litres and solid volume in cubic centimetres and metres. Only containers have capacity. The capacity of a container is the maximum volume of liquid that it can hold. Hence capacity is measured in the same units as liquid volume. Thus, a wine glass may have a capacity to hold 250ml, but the liquid volume of the wine may only be 150ml.

Misconception 2: Conservation of liquid

Children often believe that the amount of liquid has changed when a set amount has been poured from one container to another of a different size. They believe that there is more liquid in the one that has the highest level. 

Misconception 3: Reading Scales 

• some children pick the container up and fail to keep it vertical when reading the scale.
• some children read the scale by looking at the value at the top of the meniscus (curve in the surface of a liquid, produced in response to the surface of the container or another object. It can be either concave or convex) 
• some children read the scale from different heights so that parallax (difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight) occurs. Some pupils do not understand the measurement between marked divisions on a scale.

Teachers need to ensure that children have the opportunity to use and read a range of measuring scales on real containers with different scales in different orientations. Encourage children to make sure that they have the container on a flat surface and are looking at the liquid at the same level. They must ensure that they are looking at the base of the meniscus. Encouraging children to estimate liquid volume before measuring will support some of these activities

Teaching Aids

Teaching and learning aids have many benefits and these learning and teaching aids are really useful for school going children. The teaching and learning aids helps them to learn everything easily. The words and sentence are too much confusable for the little children and educating them with these types of teaching and learning aids make the teacher’s job easy. Mostly the children under the age of 10 are needs these types of teaching and learning aids because they are so delicate and if teacher teach them with some objects which they can see and touch they will easy grasp everything.

Manipulatives are commonly used in mathematics education. Math education needs to include math modeling and computer implementation of math models (computer simulations). This needs to be taught/learned in a manner that transfers to disciplines outside of math. As an example, suppose that a math teacher is teaching students to use a measuring cylinder. The measuring cylinder is an excellent aid to developing math models of certain types volume measurement problem situation.

 In summary, when a math teacher has children use a virtual manipulative, the math teacher has the opportunity to help students learn some of the underlying ideas of math modeling and computer simulation. This is quite a different goal than merely using the virtual manipulative as a substitute the the real concrete manipulative that it models. The teaching aids  designed will make students think and also  help them learn how maths works in the real world in a way that is fun and engaging.
 As we all know that, today's age is the age of science and technology. The teaching learning programmes have also been affected by it. The process of teaching - learning depends upon the different type of equipment available in the classroom. Every individual has the tendency to forget. Proper use of teaching aids helps to retain more concept permanently. Students can learn better when they are motivated properly through different teaching aids. Teaching aids develop the proper image when the students see, hear taste and smell properly. Teaching aids provide complete example for conceptual thinking. The teaching aids create the environment of interest for the students. Teaching aids helps to increase the vocabulary of the students. Teaching aids also helps the teacher to get sometime and make learning permanent. Even teaching aids provide direct experience to the student.

Teaching Aids For Low Achievers.

Teaching Aids 1

Teaching Aids 2

Flash Card 1

Flash Card 2

Flash Card 3

Flash Card 4

Flash Card 5

Teaching Aids For Low Achievers.

In this coursework, I have choose manipulatives and some visual items as the teaching aids. Besides manipulatives, this flash cards can concrete the pupils understanding in measuring the volume of liquid. The low achievers can easily identify the non-standard units of liquid volume. Teaching aids 1 and teaching aids 2 are manipulaties which students can find in their daily life. These things can be found at their home. This is a familiar items. Easy to handle and quid interesting too. Non-standard units to measure volume can be easily conduct with this manipulatives. Pupils will love it. I have tried this at my teaching. Pupils not bored and took part in teaching actively.
The flash card can be use, after our teaching. It can concrete pupils understanding on the particular topic. This to enrich pupils understanding. This cards comes in attractive colour. This can glue pupil attention towards it. This cards quid attractive to.
The most important thing was, Pupils can easily handle this teaching aids and related to the created teaching activities.

Teaching Aids For Low Achievers ( Flash Cards )

Flash Card 1

Flash Card 2

Flash Card 3

Flash Card 4

Flash Card 5

Teaching and Learning Activities For Low Achiever

Teaching and Learning Activities

Lesson Plan for Low Achievers

How to Measure and Compare Volume of Liquid

Activity 1 : Using non-standard units

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to measure and compare volume of liquids by using non-standard units correctly.

Prior Knowledge:

Pupils had learnt how to compare objects: more or less, many or a few, high or low during their previous lesson while learning A Whole Numbers.

Teaching Aids:

•  5 various small containers of different sizes  
• A small water cup.

Vocabulary;
more, less, empty, half full, full,

Procedures:

1. Divide the class into groups of four and have them work in their cooperative group learning.

2. Appoint one student to be the recorder in each group to record their findings.

3. Give each group 5 set of containers of different sizes, a pail of water and a small water cup as the measurement tool.

4. Each group will record the number of  cups needed to fill the water in every containers which provided to them.

* Also teach the pupils estimation such as half full, full and empty

Conclusion;

For this activities pupils will bear in mind that the volume of liquid will be determined based on the containers used. The bigger the containers the more quantities of water is needed to fill in. 

Table 1: Measure volume of Liquid using non-standard unit.

No	Containers	Cups of water
1	Mineral water bottle	4
2	Teapot	8
3	Glass	2
	Bowl	3
5	Jug	6

Sample Activity For Low Achievers

Activity 1

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Activity 7

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Activity 11

Activity 12